Culture and Motivation in Language Learning: Cultural Factor and Motivation in Second Language Learning

The study has investigated the relationship between culture and language learning in Pakistan. The motivational factors (i.e. instrumental or integrative motivation) of Pakistani learners have been reviewed in relation to culture and language teaching. For this purpose, first of all, the existing culture and language teaching models and approaches have been analyzed and their application in the context of L2 in Pakistan has been assessed. Then, native and non-native literature of English has also been discussed from a cultural point of view. The study, especially, investigated the cultural representation with respect to ESL learning in Pakistan in two areas. Firstly, the representation of culture in textbooks has been studied. The textbooks, which are used in Pakistan, have been analyzed in comparison with the textbook of other countries. They have been analyzed on the basis of the source culture, the target culture and the intercultural representation. Secondly, the study investigated the effectiveness of using the native culture for L2 learning in Pakistan. For this purpose, the selected extracts were used in class, and then the data was collected through questionnaire.