Microearthquake Seismology and Seismotectonics of South Asia 2008 edition

Marc Notes: Includes bibliographical references (p. 450-495) and index. Review Quotes: "This book is indeed a befitting tribute to the great tradition set in India to seismology, to the great pioneering work of many earlier workers led by the great Oldham in the late 19th century. This book will be an asset to all teaching and research institutions in the field of Earth Sciences." Sri. T. M. Mahadevan, Deep Continental Studies in India - Newsletter, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2008 Endorsement: It is an excellent treatise on the subject .... There are several books on Indian seismology but I have no hesitation to rate your book as the best. .... Your book will be a reference treatise for long time to come. Prof. S. K. Guha, Pune, IndiaReview Quotes:"This book is indeed a befitting tribute to the great tradition set in India to seismology, to the great pioneering work of many earlier workers led by the great Oldham in the late 19th century. This book will be an asset to all teaching and research institutions in the field of Earth Sciences."Sri. T. M. Mahadevan, Deep Continental Studies in India - Newsletter, Vol. 18, No. 1, 2008 Endorsement: It is an excellent treatise on the subject .... There are several books on Indian seismology but I have no hesitation to rate your book as the best. .... Your book will be a reference treatise for long time to come. Prof. S. K. Guha, Pune, India Jacket Description/Back: This volume is the outcome of about 30 years of research in the field of earthquake seismology in various parts of South Asia. It comprehensively deals with plate tectonics and seismic waves in general and earthquake monitoring by permanent and temporary networks for active fault mapping, aftershock, swarm and induced seismicity investigations in interplate collision and subduction zones and in intraplate shield region. Data acquisition as well as data analysis are well presented for clear understanding of interpretation with limitations of the techniques. State-of-the-art techniques in earthquake location/relocation, fault plane solution, waveform inversion, seismic tomography, fractals etc. are discussed, and the results are interpreted in terms of seismic source processes in the region. A large quantity of seismic data in the Himalaya from western syntaxis, Pamir-Hindu Kush to western (Garhwal) Himalaya, central (Nepal) Himalaya, eastern (Sikkim and Bhutan) Himalaya to the eastern syntaxis and Arunachal Himalaya are analysed to understand seismotectonics of the Himalayan collision zone. The atypical continental plate (Indian continental plate) subduction beneath the Indo-Burma ranges and typical oceanic plate (Indian Oceanic plate) subduction beneath the Andaman-Sumatra arc in Southeast Asia are also examined with the available data. Temporary and permanent microearthquake network data in the peninsular India shield region and in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka shed light on the intraplate tectonics in South Asia. "Professor Kayal is to be congratulated for this very compendium, which is firmly based on his more than 25 years experience as a microearthquake seismologist and researcher. The book will serve multiple readerships. It is a comprehensive and up-to-date textbook for students interested in field seismology. It also provides a synthesis of the seismotectonics and seismic hazard of the Indian subcontinent and India-Eurasia collision zone."-Euan Smith, Professor of Geophysics, Victoria University of Wellington "Dr. J. R. Kayal has been leading Geological Survey of India for over two decades in operating seismic stations in the complex Indian-Eurasian collision zone. Dr. Kayal has put together his vast experience in this useful book. This timely compilation addresses several aspects of microearthquake studies as well as their application to comprehending complex seismotectonics of South Asia. Dr. Kayal deserves compliments for this beautiful compilation."-Prof. Harsh K. Gupta, Raja Ramanna Fellow, National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, India "We normally hear of earthquakes in terms of the destruction that they cause. However, the study of microearthquakes serves a very practical purpose. It helps to define the seismotectonic framework which includes the determination of the stress field causing the earthquake, the geometry of the seismogenic faults and the style of faulting. These are essential parameters in both the assessment of seismic hazards and in the study of rectonics of the region. With illustrative examples from various seismotectonic regions in India, Dr. Kayal has written an excellent, hands-on book, for both the investigator and the user of these data."-Pradeep Talwani, Professor of Geophysics and Director of the South Carolina Seismic Network, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USATable of Contents: Foreword -- Preface -- About the Author -- Acknowledgements -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Classification of Earthquakes and Frequency-Magnitude Relation -- 1.2. Historical Development of Earthquake Seismology and Global Network -- 1.3. Historical Development of Microearthquake Network -- 1.4. Applications of Microearthquake Network -- 2. Earthquakes and Seismic Waves -- Earthquakes -- 2.1. Types or Causes of Earthquakes -- 2.2. Teleseismic, Regional and Local Earthquakes -- 2.3. Foreshocks, Aftershocks and Earthquake Swarms -- 2.4. Earthquake Magnitude, Intensity and Energy -- 2.5. Some Useful Definitions in Earthquake Seismology -- 2.6. Earthquake Effects and Hazards -- 2.7. Great Earthquakes of India -- 2.8. Large and Damaging Earthquakes of India -- 2.9. Permanent Seismological Observatories in India -- 2.10. Indian Earthquake Catalogues -- 2.11. Seismic Zoning Map of India -- Seismic Waves -- 2.12. Types of Seismic Waves -- 2.13. Seismic Waves and Ground Shaking -- 2.14. Seismic Phases at the Rock Boundaries -- 2.15. Seismic Phases at Short Distances -- 2.16. Travel Times in a Layered Earth -- 2.17. Teleseismic Waves and Interior of the Earth -- 2.18. Wave Attenuation -- 2.19. Seismic Diffraction -- 3. Microearthquake Recording and Data Analysis -- 3.1. Seismometers: Theory and Practice -- 3.2. Seismographs: Recording Systems -- 3.3. Development of Modern Seismic System -- 3.4. Station Distribution and Site Selection -- 3.5. Analog Record Processing and Record Keeping -- 3.6. Digital Data Management -- 3.7. Basic Data for Analysis -- 3.8. Earthquake Location -- 3.9. Computer Programs for Earthquake Location -- 3.10. Limitations of Accuracy in Location -- 3.11. Earthquake Relocation -- 3.12. Seismic Tomography and Earthquake Location -- 3.13. Receiver Function -- 3.14. Seismic Waveform Inversion and Modelling -- 3.15. Microearthquake Magnitude -- 3.16. Earthquake Phenomena: Power Law Relations -- 4. Dynamics of Faulting and Fault Plane Solution -- 4.1. Classification of Faults -- 4.2. Force and Stress -- 4.3. Criteria of Fracture -- 4.4. Griffith's Theory of Crack Propagation -- 4.5. Dynamics of Faulting -- 4.6. Elastic Rebound Theory -- 4.7. Equal Area Projection and Fault Plane Solution -- 4.8. Moment Tensor Solution -- 4.9. Earthquake Mechanisms and Plate Tectonics -- 5. Himalayas, Pamir-Hindu Kush and Foredeep Region -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Geological Process -- 5.3. Geophysical Data in Himalayas -- 5.4. Conceptual Tectonic Models -- 5.5. Himalayan Foredeep -- 5.6. Large Earthquakes in the Himalaya -- 5.7. Western Syntaxis and Pamir-Hindu Kush Seismicity -- 5.8. Northwest and Western Himalayan Seismicity -- 5.9. Central and Eastern Himalayan Seismicity -- 5.10. Seismotectonic Perspective -- 5.11. Seismic Hazard Potential -- 6. Northeast India, Myanmar, Bangladesh and Andaman-Sumatra Region -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Geological Structure -- 6.3. Gravity Anomaly -- 6.4. Crustal Structure -- 6.5. Seismological Data -- 6.6. Microearthquake Data -- 6.7. Seismotectonic Perspective -- 6.8. Strong Motion Data -- 6.9. Seismic Hazard Potential -- 6.10. Tectonics and Seismicity of Andaman-Sumatra Arc -- 7. Seismotectonics of Peninsular India and Sri Lanka -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Geological Evolution -- 7.3. Geophysical Features -- 7.4. Past Seismic Activity -- 7.5. Recent Seismicity: Microearthquake Networks -- 7.6. Aftershock Investigations: Recent Damaging Earthquakes -- 7.7. Sri Lanka: Tectonic Configuration -- 7.8. Conclusion and Recommendation -- References -- Index. Publisher Marketing: Hardly a week passes without our learning of natural geologic disaster somewhere in the world, be it a volcanic eruption, landslide, or destructive earthquake. The prominent public notice given to such events is not only the result of better communications, but also results from the increased impact of these events on a growing human population. In recent years, the population has increased greatly in regions of active tectonics. Northern India and the surrounding areas are prime examples. The consequence is that people and their man-made structures are concentrated close to active faults and steep, landslide-prone terrains. In just the past several years, even moderate earthquakes with seismic magnitudes less than 6. 5 have killed as many as 20,000 people precisely because these earthquakes occurred directly beneath population centres in central India. The greater Himalayan region, including the Ganges Plain, is a prime example of the coexistence of a pronounced geological hazard with a growing human population. Due in part to the spectacular topography, the region has long attracted scientific investigations, and may be considered as the birthplace of modern studies of earthquake hazards. R. D. Oldham (1858-1936) of the Geological Survey of India played a prominent role in the development of modern studies of historical seismicity, active faulting and seismic wave analysis. Oldham published extensively on the earthquakes and the geology of India, including his report entitled Catalogue of Indian earthquakes from the earliest time to the end of A. D. 1869 (Mem. Geol. Surv."